Part II - Structure of the Ecosystem | Chapter 4

Value chains in transition

Analysis of traditional vs. modern value chains and new forms of intermediation.

Core theses of the chapter

Classic linear value chains are increasingly giving way to network-like, platform-based structures. Disintermediation and reintermediation occur in parallel.

Partner Marketing acts as a connecting layer that integrates and coordinates heterogeneous actors. Data, Tracking, and API-based ecosystems form the technological foundation.

Tables

The following tables systematize the core contents of the chapter.

Table 4.1: Classic vs. modern value chains

Dimension Classic value chain Modern value chain
Structure Linear, sequential Network-like, modular
Actors Manufacturers, Wholesale, Retail Platforms, partners, tech providers, creators
Value distribution Fixed by position in the chain Dynamic, dependent on data and access
Information flows Unidirectional, asymmetric Multidirectional, data-driven
Control mechanisms Contracts, quantity disposition APIs, Tracking, algorithmic optimization
Coordination Bilateral, hierarchical Platform-mediated, ecosystem-based
Flexibility Low, structural path dependence High, modular adaptability

Table 4.2: New forms of intermediation in the marketing value chain

Intermediation Form Function Value creation contribution Examples
Marketplaces Aggregation of supply and demand Access to customer bases, infrastructure Amazon, eBay, Zalando
Retail Media Networks Advertising space marketing on dealer platforms First-party data, closed-loop measurement Amazon Ads, Walmart Connect
Commerce tech providers Technological Optimization of Transactions Conversion Increase, UX Optimization Checkout Tools, Exit Intent
Affiliate Networks Standardization and scaling of partnerships Process efficiency, Publisher access Awin, CJ, Tradedoubler
Comparison portals Information aggregation and decision support Search cost reduction, traffic Check24, Idealo, Verivox
Content Publishers Curation, information, trust building Attention, recommendation Specialist media, blogs, testing portals

Sources

The following sources were used in this chapter or form the basis for the argumentation.

Kenney & Zysman The Rise of the Platform Economy (2016) Basic analysis of the platform economy. issues.org/rise-platform-economy-big-data-work/
Chircu & Kauffman Disintermediation, Reintermediation, or Cybermediation? (1999) Theoretical Basis for Intermediation. www.researchgate.net/publication/2506738
Jacobides et al. Market competition in the platform economy (2024) Current research on platform competition. www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S...
Status: January 2026
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